Recent Advances in the Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Impact of HIV brings together world-leading experts in the field of HIV, to provide new and critical insights into HIV treatment and management for children and adolescents. Those infected with HIV are living longer thanks to antiretroviral drugs, and HIV-related neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders therefore require urgent attention, particularly complications which arise from long-term medication use. The authors summarise key findings in these important areas, as well as gaps in research and implications for paediatric HIV work. Readers will discover ways of optimising the neurological health of children and adolescents living with HIV through better care provision and earlier intervention.

• Outlines the important clinical neurological issues facing children and young adults with HIV infection
• Presents up-to-date diagnostic and treatment approaches
• Provides practical clinical strategies to improve the care of children and adolescents with HIV

An essential resource for all clinicians involved in the care of children and adolescents with HIV and their families, including doctors, paediatricians, psychologists, and other health practitioners and researchers.

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

1.            Epidemiology of HIV

Charles R Newton

2.            Pathogenesis of HIV Involvement in the Central Nervous System

Charles R Newton

3.            Neurological Manifestations of HIV Infection

Charles K Hammond and Jo M Wilmshurst

4.            Neuroimaging in Children with HIV

Nicky Wieselthaler, Jacqueline Hoare, and Tracy Kilborn

5.            HIV Encephalopathy

Kirsten A Donald, Nelleke G Langerak, Aleya Remtulla, and Theresa N Mann

6.            Seizures and Epilepsy in Children Living with HIV

Pauline Samia, Subira Anzaya, and Jo M Wilmshurst

7.            Neuroinfections in Children Infected with HIV

Brian Eley, Babatunde Ogunbosi, Ebrahim Banderker, and Charles K Hammond

8.            Cerebrovascular Disease

Charles K Hammond and Alvin Ndondo

9.            Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children with HIV

Rajeshree Govender, Alan Davidson, and Beverley G Neethling

10.         HIV-associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome of the Central Nervous System

Rajeshree Govender and James Nuttall

11.         The Effect of HIV Infection on Neurodevelopment, from Birth to 3 Years

Louisa R Mudawarima, Alliya Mohamed, and Kirsten A Donald

12.         Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Outcomes of HIV in School-age Children

Adam Mabrouk, Derrick Ssewanyana, and Amina Abubakar

13.         Neurobehavioural Manifestations of HIV in Adolescence

Derrick Ssewanyana, Moses K Nyongesa, and Amina Abubakar

14.         Long-term Outcomes in Adults Living with HIV

Patrick N Mwangala, Derrick Ssewanyana, Moses K Nyongesa, Felix Hosea, and Amina Abubakar

15.         Neurodevelopment of Children who are HIV-exposed and Uninfected

Catherine J Wedderburn, Shunmay Yeung, and Kirsten A Donald

16.         Antiretroviral Therapy and the Nervous System in Perinatally Infected Children

Eric Decloedt and Karen Cohen

17.         Interventions to Enhance Developmental Outcomes of HIV-affected Children and Adolescents

Amina Abubakar, Moses K Nyongesa, Stanley W Wanjala, Micaela Rice, Sevil Ozdemir, Patrick N Mwangala, Judith K Bass, and Michael J Boivin

18.         Conclusions and Future Directions

Jo M Wilmshurst and Amina Abubakar

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