List of Contributors xii
Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xvi
Abbreviations xviii
How to use your revision guide xxiv
About the companion website xxvi
Part 1 Introduction 1
1 How to be a medical student 2
2 Patient confidentiality 4
3 Consent 6
4 Relationship with the patient 8
5 History of presenting complaint 10
6 Past medical history, drugs and allergies 12
7 Family and social history 14
8 Functional enquiry 15
9 Basic clinical skills 16
10 Principles of examination 21
11 Is the patient ill? 22
12 The critically ill patient 24
Part 2 Clinical presentations at a glance 28
Cardiovascular disease
13 Chest pain 30
14 Oedema 34
15 Palpitations 36
16 The painful leg 37
17 Heart murmurs 38
18 Shock 40
Respiratory disease
19 Breathlessness, cough and haemoptysis 42
20 Wheeze (stridor) 46
21 Pleural effusion 47
22 Pneumothorax 48
Gastroenterology
23 Unintentional weight loss 50
24 Constipation and change in bowel habit 52
25 Diarrhoea: acute and chronic 54
26 Vomiting and intestinal obstruction 56
27 Haematemesis and melaena 58
28 Rectal bleeding 62
29 Dysphagia 64
30 Abdominal pain and dyspepsia 66
31 Jaundice 68
32 Abdominal mass 70
33 Ascites 71
Renal medicine
34 Polyuria and oliguria 72
35 Dysuria, frequency and urgency 74
36 Haematuria 75
Endocrinology
37 Sweating, flushing and thyroid swellings 76
38 Obesity 79
39 Hirsutism and infertility 82
40 Erectile dysfunction and gynaecomastia 84
Infectious disease
41 Principles of infection 86
42 Investigation of suspected infection 88
43 An approach to the patient with fever of short duration 90
44 Healthcare-associated infections 94
45 Fever of unknown origin 96
46 Fever and rash 100
47 Fever in HIV-infected patients 102
48 Fever in the returned traveller 104
49 Vaginal discharge and urethritis in men 106
Haematology
50 Anaemia 108
51 Clinical approach to lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly 110
52 The patient with abnormal bleeding or bruising 112
53 Leukopenia 113
Oncology
54 Oncological emergencies 114
Neurology
55 Introduction to neurological diagnosis 1: Neuroepidemiology 117
56 Introduction to neurological diagnosis 2 118
57 Introduction to neurological diagnosis 3 120
58 Common neurological symptoms 122
59 Weakness 125
60 Disturbance of vision: a neurological perspective 128
61 Sudden painless loss of vision 132
62 Tremor and other involuntary movements 134
63 Headache and facial pain 136
64 Episodic alterations in awareness and consciousness 138
Ophthalmology
65 The red eye 142
Rheumatology
66 Introduction to rheumatological disease 144
67 Low back pain and other regional pain syndromes 150
Dermatology
68 Introduction to dermatology 154
69 Pruritus and rashes 156
70 Hair and nail disorders 158
71 Leg ulcers 160
72 Photodermatoses 161
Women’s health
73 Pelvic pain 162
74 Urinary incontinence 166
Other acute medical emergencies
75 Attempted suicide by drug poisoning 168
76 Anaphylaxis 170
77 Allergic reactions 172
78 Cardiac and respiratory arrest 174
79 Delirium 176
80 Coma 179
Part 3 Diseases and treatments at a glance 182
Cardiovascular disease
81 Hypertension 184
82 Hyperlipidaemia 187
83 Acute coronary syndromes 190
84 ST segment elevation myocardial infarction 198
85 Chronic coronary syndromes 202
86 Acute aortic dissection 206
87 Heart failure 208
88 Aortic valve disease 212
89 Mitral valve disease 214
90 Cardiomyopathies 216
91 Pericardial disease 217
92 Pulmonary embolism 218
93 Cardiac infections 220
94 Tachyarrhythmias 222
95 Bradyarrhythmias 228
96 Congenital heart disease 230
Respiratory disease
97 Lung function tests 232
98 Overnight oximetry and sleep apnoea 233
99 Respiratory failure 234
100 Arterial blood gas analysis 236
101 Chest X-ray anatomy 238
102 Basic chest X-ray interpretation 240
103 Chest X-ray cases 1 242
104 Chest X-ray cases 2 244
105 Non-invasive ventilation 246
106 Mechanical ventilation 248
107 Lower respiratory tract infection: pneumonia 250
108 Upper respiratory tract infection 253
109 Asthma 254
110 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 257
111 Bronchiectasis 260
112 Cystic fibrosis 262
113 Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous lung diseases 264
114 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) 266
115 Pulmonary fibrosis 268
116 Pulmonary eosinophilia and vasculitis 270
117 Fungi and the lung 272
118 Industrial lung disease 274
119 Lung disease caused by drugs 276
120 BOOP and ARDS 277
121 Primary tumours of the lung 278
Gastroenterology
122 Gastrointestinal infections 281
123 Reflux 282
124 Peptic ulcer disease 283
125 Iron deficiency 284
126 Abnormal liver chemistry 286
127 Diverticular disease 289
128 Inflammatory bowel disease 290
129 Gallstone disease 293
130 Malabsorption 294
131 Pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer 296
132 Inflammatory liver disease: viral and immune 298
133 Metabolic liver disease (including alcohol) 302
134 Acute and chronic liver disease 304
135 Functional gastrointestinal disorders 307
136 Upper gastrointestinal cancer 308
137 Colorectal cancer 310
138 Nutrition 312
Renal medicine
139 Renal physiology and function tests 314
140 Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia 316
141 Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia 318
142 Disorders of acid–base balance 320
143 Urinary calculi 322
144 Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes 324
145 Glomerulonephritis 326
146 Renal involvement in systemic disease 328
147 Hereditary renal disorders 332
148 Tubulointerstitial disease 334
149 Acute renal failure 336
150 Chronic renal failure and the dialysis patient 338
151 The renal transplant recipient 340
152 Drugs and renal failure 342
153 Benign prostatic hypertrophy 343
154 Urinary tract infection 344
Endocrinology
155 Diabetes and its complications 346
156 Diabetic emergencies 352
157 Hyperprolactinaemia and acromegaly 354
158 Hypothyroidism 356
159 Hyperthyroidism 358
160 Calcium metabolism 360
161 Adrenal disease 362
162 Miscellaneous endocrine disorders 364
163 Hypogonadism 366
Infectious disease
164 Bacteraemia and septic shock 368
165 Herpes virus infections in adults 370
166 HIV infection and advanced HIV disease 374
167 Common fungal infections 376
168 Specific bacterial infections 378
169 Malaria 380
170 Tuberculosis 382
171 Tropical infectious diseases 384
172 Diseases predisposing to infection 386
173 Immunological deficiency syndromes 388
Haematology
174 Haematinic deficiency anaemias 392
175 Haemolytic anaemia 394
176 Thalassaemia and sickle cell disease 398
177 Bone marrow failure 400
178 Acute leukaemia 402
179 Lymphoma 404
180 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 406
181 Myeloproliferative neoplasms 408
182 Myeloma 410
183 Myelodysplasia 411
184 The blood in systemic disease 412
185 Platelet disorders 416
186 Disorders of coagulation 418
187 Anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs 420
188 Thrombophilia 422
Oncology
189 Aetiology of cancer 424
190 Diagnostic strategies and basic principles of cancer management 426
191 Cancer screening and early detection 430
192 Breast cancer 432
193 Prostate cancer 435
194 Cancer with an unknown primary 438
195 Paraneoplastic cancer syndromes and hormone-producing cancers 440
196 Palliative care 442
Neurology
197 Head computed tomography cases 444
198 Head magnetic resonance imaging cases 446
199 Stroke 448
200 Management of stroke 450
201 Other vascular disorders of the brain 452
202 Dementias 454
203 Epilepsy 456
204 Multiple sclerosis 458
205 Infections of the central nervous system 460
206 Tumours and the nervous system 462
207 Spinal cord disease 464
208 Neuromuscular disease 466
209 Peripheral neuropathy 468
210 Movement disorders 470
Rheumatology
211 Osteoarthritis 472
212 Gout and pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate arthropathy) 474
213 Arthritis associated with infectious agents 476
214 Vasculitis 478
215 Metabolic bone disease 481
216 Other bone disease 484
217 Rheumatoid arthritis 486
218 Inflammatory spondyloarthropathies 491
219 Systemic lupus erythematosus 496
220 Myositis syndromes, polymyalgia rheumatica and systemic sclerosis 500
Dermatology
221 Eczema and urticaria 503
222 Psoriasis 506
223 Blistering diseases 508
224 Skin infections and infestations 510
225 Acne, rosacea and hidradenitis 513
226 The skin and systemic disease 514
227 Disorders of skin pigmentation 517
228 Skin tumours 518
229 Orogenital disease 520
Women’s health
230 Endometriosis and adenomyosis 522
231 Polycystic ovary syndrome 526
232 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 530
233 Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy 532
234 Other medical and surgical conditions in pregnancy 534
Miscellaneous
235 Fluid replacement therapy 536
236 Illness in elderly people 538
237 Chronic tiredness and other medically unexplained symptoms 540
238 Psychiatric disorders 542
239 Substance misuse 544
240 Alcohol misuse 546
241 Drug toxicity (adverse drug reactions) 548
242 Covid-19 554
Index 558
